2004-2008年渠县14岁以下儿童步行者道路交通伤害事故流行特征分析

Analysis on Injury by Traffic Accident of Child Pedestrians Aged<14 Years in Quxian

目的描述2004—2008年渠县14岁以下儿童步行者交通事故伤害的流行病学特征。方法利用渠县公安交警系统收集的2004—2008年0～14岁儿童步行者交通伤害数据，用描述流行病学分析儿童步行者伤害的特征。结果2004—2008年共144名儿童步行者发生交通事故，伤害年均发生率、死亡率和致死率分别为17．63／10万、1．78／10万、9．72％。5～9岁组年发生率和死亡率最高，分别为26．80／10万、2．57／10万；0～4岁组致死率最高，为13．29％。男孩步行者伤害年发生率（20．98／10万）和死亡率（2．00／10万）均高于女孩（分别为13．83／万、1．52／10万）（P均〈0．05）。儿童步行者交通伤害最常见的部位是多部位（40．34％）、头部（26．75％）、下肢（21．53％）。死亡、重伤和轻伤所占比例分别为9．72％、66．53％和23．75％。伤害主要由机动车驾驶员（57．50％）和步行者（33．47％）过失造成。导致伤害事故的主要车辆是客车、两轮摩托车和货车，分别占40．14％、34．38％和22．15％。结论儿童步行者交通伤害严重危害儿童的生命和健康，在人、车、路系统中，司机和步行者过失是儿童步行者伤害的主要原因。

Objective To describe the characteristics of the injury by traffic accident of child pedestrians aged 〈 14 years in Quxian county. Methods The data of traffic accident injury of these child pedestrians from 2004 to 2008 were collected from traffic police information system in Quxian and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiology. Results During this period, the 144 children were injured in traffic accidents, the annum injury in- cidence rate, death rate and case-fatality was 17.63/105, 1.78/105 and 9. 72% respectively. The inci- dence rate and death rate were highest in 5-9 age group（26. 80/105 and 2. 57/105）, but the case-fatality rate was highest in 04 age group（ 13.29% ）. The incidence rate（20. 98/105） and death rate（2.00/105） in boys were higher than in girls（ 13.83/105, and 1.52/105）. The common injured sites of the body included multi-sites（40. 34% ）, head（26. 75% ） and lower limbs（21.53% ）. The death cases accounted for 9.72%, the serious cases accounted for 66. 53% and the slight wound cases accounted for 23.75%. The injuries were mainly caused by the faults of drivers（57.50% ） and child pedestrians（33.47% ）. The major vehicles cau- sing accidents included buses（40. 14% ）, motorcycles（34. 38% ） and trucks（22. 15% ）. Conclusion Traffic accident injury of child pedestrians is a serious problem which affects the children＇s life and health. The fault of vehicle drivers and the children was the major cause of the injuries.