基于GIS的黄土高原气象要素空间插值方法

Spatial Interpolation Methods of Weather Data on Loess Plateau Based on GIS

在地统计学和地理信息系统支持下,采用多种插值方法对黄土高原降雨量和年均温等气象要素进行空间插值研究。结果表明,对于降水量和年均温来说,地统计学方法优于传统的反距离加权插值、多项式插值和径向基函数插值方法;降水量插值以普通克里金方法最优,对于年均温来说,考虑高程影响的简单协克里金方法优于一般的克里金方法和普通协克里金方法。通过空间插值分别得到黄土高原降水量和年均温分布图,黄土高原年均温和降水量均总体分布呈现西北低、东南高的态势,界限明显;降水量117～721mm,年均温7.0～14.0℃,黄土高原气候以半湿润-半干旱气候为主,适宜农牧业发展。

Based on geostatistical method and GIS,the paper uses several interpolation methods to estimate the weather data on Loess Plateau.The result of geostatistical method is better than the reverse distance weighting method,polynomial interpolation method and radial basis functions method.The Simple Kriging is the best interpolation method to annual average rainfall;in consideration of great influences of the elevation information.It is taken as an influencing factor of the second class,and introduced into the Co-Kriging method for spatial interpolation,Simple Co-Kriging is best to annual average temperature on Loess Plateau.Annual average rainfall and annual average temperature in southeast are much than northwest on Loess Plateau,the ambit is clear.The annual average rainfall is 117-721 mm,and the annual average temperature is 7.0～14.0℃,so the climate of Loess Plateau suits agriculture and animal husbandry.