新疆于田县不同下垫面小气候特征比较研究

Research on Characteristics of Micro-climate in Different Underlying Surface in Yutian County,Xinjiang

利用HOBO小气候观测仪对新疆于田县荒漠、交错带、绿洲3个下垫面的气温、相对湿度、风速、地温及蒸发等小气候因子进行了连续观测,并对比分析了各小气候因子的时序变化及垂直变化特征。结果表明:于田县不同下垫面的小气候特征参数呈现出梯度式递增或递减的趋势,由荒漠到绿洲,气温、风速、地温及蒸发力逐渐减小,相对湿度逐渐增加,其中,荒漠与交错带两下垫面的小气候因子特征值及变化趋势相似,并与绿洲小气候因子相差较大。例如荒漠与交错带气温相差0.98℃,而与绿洲却相差3.78℃;荒漠平均风速比交错带(1.55m/s)仅高出0.28m/s,却是绿洲的4倍。3下垫面各小气候因子联系紧密,相互影响,并且由于受到外界大气候环境的影响,各因子的时序变化及垂直变化特征相似。

Air temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,ground temperature and evaporation in micro-climate factors in the underlying surface of desert,ecotone,oasis of Yutian county of xinjiang were investigated for analysis of rules of temporal variation and vertical variation of micro-climate factors by using Portable-Meteorological Station.The results showed that：the characteristic parameters of the micro-climate in different underlying surface show the trend of gradient increasing or decreasing.From desert to oasis,air temperature,wind speed,ground temperature and evaporation reduce gradually reduce and the relative humidity increased gradually in which the characteristics of the micro-climate factors and changes of underlying surface between desertification and ecotone are similar,which different largely from the micro-climate factors of oasis.For example the margin of temperature between desertification and ecotone is 0.98℃,comparing with the oasis,that is 3.78℃.The average wind speed of desertification is only higher 0.28 m/s than ecotone（1.55 m/s）,which is 4 times of oasis.The micro-climate factors of underlying surface in the desert,ecotone,oasis are closely connected and influenced each other,and with impact of external environment,the characteristics changes of temporal variation and vertical variation of micro-climate factors are similar.