农村公共支出结构与代际收入流动实证研究

Study on Intergenerational Income Mobility and the Structure in Rural Government Spending

目前关于代际收入流动的研究,一般认为子女成年后的经济收入是其禀赋和家庭人力资本投资的函数。论文认为,政府公共支出是除家庭以外的另一种对子女进行人力资本投资的渠道。以9省(区)农户家庭子女作为分析对象,论文运用三水平面板数据统计模型重点分析了农村公共支出结构对子女收入的影响。研究发现支农支出与服务性支出比例的增加会影响子女收入。结果同时表明,近年来农村地区代际收入虽然呈现出一定继承性,但流动性在缓慢增加。最后,论文建议政府增加公共服务性资源的供给,提供更多的职业培训,从而为农村子女发展创造更多的平等机会。

Intergenerational income mobility is concerned with the relationship between the socio-economic status of parents(often their income) and the economic outcomes of their children as adults.A child's economic status is a function of the child's endowments and his(her) parents' monetary investments in the child's human capital.Most of the previous theoretical works on the intergenerational transmission of economic status considered only parental investments in children.In this paper,as another source,governments also invest in children's human capital.Based on the CHNS data set,and regarding the rural children in nine provinces or regions of China as analysis unit,from the view of government spending,this paper analyzes the factors affecting the income of children using Multilevel Statistical Models.The result indicates that the intergenerational correlation of incomes between children and their fathers is strong after controlling individual characteristic variables,which means intergenerational income mobility in rural China is weak.The result also found that there are structural differences in government spending about the intergenerational income mobility.The causes of the differences and some countermeasures are proposed.Government should increase its resources in providing public services,more occupational trainings etc.,and more opportunities to improve intergenerational mobility.