春秋时期晋国卿族政治的历史变迁

The Historical Changes of the Qing-zu Politics in Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period

春秋早期,晋国惩于曲沃之乱而打击公族,结果导致了异姓卿族的崛起。春秋中后期,晋国的政权逐渐被异姓卿族把持,由此形成了典型的卿族政治。晋国的卿族政治经历了三个发展阶段:从赵盾专权到厉公被弑为第一阶段。这一阶段晋国卿权根基尚未完全稳固,公室利用卿族打击强宗,卿族利用公室消灭对手,这是该阶段晋国政治斗争的特点。从悼公继位到晋定公十四年为第二阶段。这一时期,晋国政权尽入六卿之手,晋国形成了卿大夫执政制,六卿联合执政,并为最后的火并积蓄力量。晋定公十五年后为第三阶段。六卿正式展开兼并战争,范、中行、知氏先后被消灭,韩、赵、魏三家最终分晋。

During the early Spring and Autumn Period, Jin took strong measures against the Gong-zu （公族） because of drawing the lesson of the Qu-wo rebellion, which resulted in the rise Of the Qing-zuowning the different surnames.During the late Spring and Autumn Period, the regime of Jin was monopolized by the strong Qing-zu gradually, so the Qing-zu politics came into being in Jin. The Qing-zu politics of Jin went through three stages： From the dictatorship of Zhao-dun to the murder of Li-gong was the first stage. At this stage the foundation of Qing-zu was not strong enough. That the state＇s Office took advantage of some Qing-zu to bit the strong clans and some Qing-zu took advantage of the state＇s Office to eliminate their rivals was the characteristics of the political struggles at this stage From the year of Dao-gong successor to the 14th year of Ding-gong was second stage.At this stage the power of Jin fell into the hands of the six clans Qing-zu.The six clans thoroughly.Qing-zu ruled the country together and developed their forces for the annexation.After the 15th year of Ding-gong was the third stage. The six clans Qing-zu launched the annexation war officially. Fan , Zhong-xing and Zhi clans were eliminated.The clans of Han, Zhao, Wei divided Jin into three countries.