从陶、韦之辨看心性论对朱熹山水诗的影响

The Influence on Zhu Xi′s Landscape Poem Viewed from the Perspective of the Neo-confucianism Theory of Mind-nature:A simply Comparative between Tao Yuan-ming′s and Wei Ying-wu′s Poem

南宋理学家朱熹推崇陶渊明,但对韦应物山水诗更为欣赏,这与其心性论理学思想有着深刻关联。他声称"心与理一",但其理学体系中的心被割裂为人心、道心,心的本体地位不完整,心与理无法真正合一。这就使心与理的关系极为紧张,去欲成为心的必要任务,并导致了心对理的外求。故朱熹不仅欣赏去欲色彩浓厚的韦诗,且其山水诗常常表现出主体对客体的"格物"冲动。总之,在朱熹山水诗中,主、客体是一种控制与被控制的对立统一。

Zhu Xi, the Neo-confucianist of Southern Song dynasty, appreciated the poem of Wei Ying- wu more than Tao Yuan-ming, which was relevant to the Neo-confucianism Theory of Mind-Nature. He claimed that mind and natural-principles was harmony, but the mind was splitted into Moral-mind and human-mind, the ontology position of mind was imperfect, and was not harmony. So there was tense between them, the theory of eliminating harmful desired became necessarily. This made looking out for natural-principles become necessary. Zhu Xi appreciated the asceticism poem of Wei Ying-wu, and frequently, the poem of Zhu Xi appeared to be impulsive. In a word, the subject and the object of Zhu Xi＇s poem was an unity of opposites relation that controlling and being controlled.