小粒野生稻与栽培稻远缘杂交探讨

Discussions on wide-crossing between Oryza minuta and Oryza sativa

以2份小粒野生稻和4份不同类型栽培稻为材料,探讨不同杂交方式、去雄和授粉方法对小粒野生稻与栽培稻杂种幼胚获得率的影响以及不同胚拯救技术(灭菌剂20%NaClO或0.1%HgCl2、接种材料、培养基种类和幼胚胚龄)对杂种幼胚发芽率的影响。结果表明:采用栽培稻作母本、小粒野生稻为父本,人工剪颖去雄,连续3d授粉的杂种幼胚获得率较高。取授粉后10～12d的幼胚,用0.1%HgCl2进行10min灭菌处理,以部分子房为培养材料,在1/4MS培养基上进行胚拯救,其杂种幼胚发芽率较高,并获得小粒野生稻与栽培稻的杂种植株,说明该方法在非AA基因组野生稻与栽培稻的杂交中可以应用,且方法简便易行、经济实用。

Different crossing techniques, emasculation and pollination procedures for obtaining young embryos from hybrid of Oryza minuta and Oryza sativa have been evaluated, and the effects of different sterilization methods （20% NaClO or 0.1% HgCl2）, inoculation materials, culture media and the age of embryos on the germination rate of young embryo has been investigated by using four cultivated rice （Oryza sativa, 2n=24, AA） and two wild specie （Oryza minuta, 2n=48, BBCC）. The results showed that the production of young embryo from hybrids was higher when cultivated rice was used as female and wild species as male parent. Emasculation with artificial spikelet-cut and continuous pollination for 3 days resulted in to higher rates of embryo development. During the process of embryo rescue, applying young embryo after pollinating of 10-12 days and sterilizing with 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 minutes followed by culture inoculation with ovary-slice to 1/4 MS medium resulted in the higher germination rate of young embryo, and the hybrid plant were obtained. These methods are simple, convenient and economically feasible, therefore, may be utilized in crossing of cultivated rice and wild species without AA genome.