环境高温条件下收获甘蔗酸性转化酶和葡聚糖蔗糖酶活性表现及其与糖分降低的关系

Expression of invertase and dextransucrase activities in harvested sugarcane and their relationship with sucrose loss at high ambient temperature

甘蔗收获后蔗糖分降低是蔗糖加工单位的主要问题之一,特别是那些在高温下持续压榨的地区。通过研究评估榨季后期甘蔗收获后蔗糖分的损失量及其与酸性转化酶和葡聚糖蔗糖酶活性的关系,结果表明,甘蔗收获后,随着这两种酶活性的上升,甘蔗的商品蔗糖急剧下降。刚收获的甘蔗商品蔗糖值为10.88,在收获48、240h后,则分别降低2.27、6.59个单位,10d后蔗糖分降低约60%。对收获的甘蔗淋水并覆盖蔗叶,其蔗糖分降低约44%,而经化学物质处理并覆盖蔗叶的甘蔗蔗糖分减少27%。在甘蔗贮放期间,其蔗糖酸性转化酶和葡聚糖蔗糖酶活性明显增加。经化学处理并覆盖蔗叶后,收获甘蔗的两种酶活性明显下降。研究结果还表明,通过应用抗菌和抗转化化学物质配方具有使后期收获的甘蔗蔗糖分降低到最小的可能性。

Sucrose loss after harvest of sugarcane is one of the major problems of sugar processing units, especially in those areas where crushing continues at high ambient temperature. A study undertaken to assess the magnitude of post- harvest sucrose losses and its relationship with two enzymes, viz., invertase and dextransucrase during late milling season showed precipitous decline in commercial cane sugar with concomitant increase in enzyme activities. The CCS value of freshly harvested cane was 10.88, which declined by 2.27 and 6.59 units after 48 and 240 hours of harvest, accounting for about 60 percent decline in stored sucrose after ten days. In harvested cane treated with water and covered with trash, sucrose loss was around 44 percent whereas in chemically treated and trash covered cane this loss was 27 percent. A perceptible increase in acid invertase and dextransucrase activities was noticed with the duration of storage. Chemical treatment of harvested cane followed by covering with trash showed appreciable reduction in the enzyme activities. This study also indicates the possibility of minimizing post harvest sucrose losses in sugarcane during late-season by application of a formulation containing anti-microbial and anti-inversion chemicals.