试论英美侵权法中的理性人标准

On the Reasonable Person Standard of the Anglo-American Tort Law

理性人标准是英美侵权司法实践中法官据以确定行为人是否违反注意义务或者有无过失的最重要的标准。理性人标准是一个客观标准,是法律创造出来的一个只具备社会中一般人所拥有的经验见识和逻辑推理能力的普通人的模型,其对于特殊人群有特殊的适用要求。而在司法实践中,适用理性人标准必须考虑以下三个因素:行为的损害危险性;危险行为的目的;避免损害危险的成本。

Reasonable person standard in the Anglo - American tort law is the most important criterion that judges use in judicial practice to determine whether the defended violate the duty of care or whether they have negligence. Reasonable person standard is an objective standard, a model of an ordinary person with the experience and logical reasoning ability in the society, which has special application requirements for special populations. In judicial practice, the application of reasonable person standard should consider the following three factors： the danger of behavioral damage; the purpose of dangerous behavior; the cost of avoiding the risk behavioral damage.