深圳市某区1992至2006年皮炎住院病例的调查

A survey report on dermatitis patients in hospital in Baoan district of Shenzhen city from 1992 to 2006

目的了解近年来深圳市某区皮炎住院患者的流行病学分布特点，为研究三氯乙烯（TCE）药疹样皮炎和预防提供依据。方法对1992至2006年该区及其各街道医院的住院皮炎患者临床资料进行描述性分析。结果该区住院皮炎患者共645例，1998至2005年患者总人数呈上升趋势，主要年龄段为16～岁，其次为26～岁，工人占多数。过敏性皮炎（34．1％）、药物性皮炎（30．8％）、TCE药疹样皮炎（9．3％），依次为住院皮炎病例的前3位。60例TCE药疹样皮炎病例中有过敏史者2例（3.3％），与其他皮炎病例（144例，22．6％）比较，差异有统计学意义（氏0．05）；TEE药疹样皮炎患者肝功能异常的比例（71．7％）较高，与其他皮炎（13．8％）比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；患者主要分布于电子、五金、电镀行业。结论TCE药疹样皮炎危害严重，加强工人的自我保护意识，重视重点行业、重点工种工人的工初观察和健康监护，减少职业接触机会，可以有效地减少TCE所致皮炎的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution of dermatitis patients in hospital and provide basis for studying the basic conditions and the prevention of dermatitis especially TCE-induced dermatitis in Baoan District of Shenzhen City. Methods All dermatitis patients in hospital in Baoan District from 1992 to 2006 were descriptively analyzed. Results There were 645 dermatitis patients in hospital in Baoan District. The total number of patients tended to rise in recent years, mainly in group of 16- years old, followed by 26- years old, with the majority of workers. The clinical diagnosis was allergic dermatitis （34.1%）, drug-induced dermatitis and TCE-induced dermatitis （9.3%）. Two among 60 patients with TCE-induced dermatitis had history of allergy （3.3%） with significat difference （P〈0.05） compared with the patients with other dermatitis（144, 22.6%）. The risk of hepatic dysfunction in TCE-induced dermatitis（71.7%） was significantly greater than other dermatitis （P〈0.05）. It was mainly distributed in electronic, metal, electroplating industry. Conclusion The TCE-induced dermatitis is one of the main occupational hazards in Baoan district. It can effectively reduce the occurrence of TCE-induced dermatitis to strengthen self-protection awareness of workers, pay more attention to early work observed and occupational screening in key industries and trades workers, and reduce opportunities for occupational exposure.