法院如何回应民意:一种法学方法论上的解决方案

How the Court Responding to Public Opinions:A Solution of Jurisprudence Methodology

围绕司法与民意的讨论,目前各界存在原因认知、概念认知、价值认知上的观点错位,影响民众对司法回应的肯定。作为法律适用机关的法院在回应民意上具有不同于政治机关的特点,必须以一种理性、中立的态度审慎地回应民意,做到有理有节、有所为有所不为。在回应过程中,应当根据民意的特点着重处理法意与民意、社会民意与权力意志之间的矛盾冲突关系,为此,必须在回应民意的时机选择与方法操作上遵循司法活动的基本规律。通过认定疑难案件的程序操作,使得外在的民意得以稳定化,以程序阻隔"舆论暴力";通过法律论证的操作,以普遍化、一致性与融贯性三原则检验与提升民意本身的合理性程度,以方法压缩个人恣意。法院的回应是对成熟且理性的民意的回应,建立在个案基础上的回应能逐步挽回民众对法院的信任。

Cognition has been misplaced for now by all walks of life in terms of reasons,concepts,and values in the discussions on the relationship between justice and public opinions,which can take away from the public's positive recognition of justice response.As law applicability authorities,the court has characteristics different from those of administrative authorities in responding to public opinions and therefore shall take a rational and impartial approach to prudently responding to public opinions,exercising rationality,restraint,and the wisdom to know what to do and what not to do.In responding to public opinions,the court should place emphasis on handling the conflict between legal intentions and public opinions,social opinions and power intentions according to the characteristics of public opinions.Therefore,basic judicial rules should be obeyed in selecting the timing of responding to public opinions and practice approaches.Operation procedure to identify hard cases should be established to stabilize external public opinions,screening 'consensus violence' with appropriate procedure.By way of judicial reasoning,the three principles of universality,uniformity,and coherence are adopted to increase the rationality of public opinions,curbing individual arbitrariness with due procedure.The court responds to mature and rational public opinions,and the response based on individual cases serves to gradually regain public confidence in the court.