论清人的宋词史研究

An Analysis of the Research on the History of Song Ci by Scholars in Qing Dynasty

清人的宋词史研究以扎实的史料辑考来支撑宏观上的理论建构。史料辑考以整理宋代词话,考订词人史迹,编选、校勘宋词为主要内容,其深层用意是要以纪事本末体与纪传体的形式来反映宋代词史风貌,通过保存、整理作品来达到"以词存史"之目的。清人在建构词史时,或以词人为基点,或以正变为骨力,或以风格为中心,基本做到了历史与逻辑的统一。但清人的宋词史研究淡化了对宋词原生状态的考察,缺失了宋词中数量庞大的俗词的身影。其根本原因在于词文学在宋、清两代的生存状态发生了改变,其直接后果就是使词这一在宋代原本非主流的、雅俗并存的文体被清人人为地抬作了宋代的代表文体与雅文学之典范。所以当下的宋词史研究与书写,不仅要深化、扩展和纠正清人的话语,更要弥补那些为清人所缺失、淡化的部分,最大程度地恢复宋代词史的本来面貌。

The research on the history of Song Ci made by scholars in Qing Dynasty based its theoretical structure on sound compilation and examination of historical materials.Mainly by compiling and examining Song Ci,the historical stories and relics of its composers and the notes and comments on Song Ci,the research aimed to reflect the style and features of the history of Song Ci in order to preserve the history by preserving and compiling Song Ci.The scholars in Qing Dynasty kept the unity of history and logics basing on the composers of Song Ci,its orthodox schools and reforms and its features in forming the history of Song Ci.However,they ignored the study of primordial state and a large number of folk expressions mainly because of the change of the situation of Ci in Song and Qing Dynasties.It directly led Ci,a style of alternative writing composed of both refined and folk expressions in Song Dynasty,to a typical style and refined literature of Song Dynasty regarded by scholars in Qing Dynasty artificially.Therefore,modern research and writing of the history of Song Ci should emphasize not only the deepening,expansion and correction of the research in Qing Dynasty,but also reparation its absent part to present the real history of Song Ci as much as possible.