论法律规避制度在合同冲突法中的存废——从我国的司法实践展开

Analysis on the Abolition of "Evasion of Law" in Contractual Conflict of Laws——Starting with Judicial Practice in China

涉外合同司法审判中,法院在运用法律规避制度时出现了诸多问题,这些问题本质上是法律规避制度本身在合同冲突法领域无力实现其功能的表现。法律规避排除和惩罚当事人规避意图的功能与涉外合同法律选择中的盛行的意思自治原则相冲突,当事人的规避意图难以探究和证明,法律规避制度设计之始就给法院安排了不可能完成的任务。对于保证强制性规则适用的功能,法律规避制度亦难以有效实现。新兴的直接适用的法的理论则可以在涉外合同领域实现法律规避的功能的同时,克服法律规避制度适用中的实践性难题。

Several problems, which occurred in hearing a foreign related contract involving the application of ＂evasion of law＂ rules, are the manifestation of the incapability of the ＂evasion of law＂ rules to achieve its preset functions in the area of internation- al contractual conflict of laws. The function to exclude and punish parties＇ intent to evade is in collision with principle of party au- tonomy prevailing in international contracts. The determination of intent to evade is extremely hard, and a nearly imlx^ible mis- sion for domestic court. Another function of ＂evasion of law＂ rules is to guarantee the application of mandatory rules of forum state failed too. The theory of ＂loi d＇ application immediate＂ may fulfill the functions of ＂evasion of law＂ rules, and at the same time, tackle the aforementioned problems.