不同施肥水平对苹果砧木根冠发育的影响

THE EFFECTS ON ROOT AND SHOOT OF APPLES STOCKS DEVELOPMENT WITH DIFFERENT FERTILITY LEVEL

果树根系生长冗余的现象早已观察到,通过合理的施肥量可以影响果树根冠比例,从而调节生长冗余。本研究以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis 'Pingyitiancha')、八棱海棠(M.micromalus 'Balenghaitang')、莱芜难咽(M.micromalus 'Laiwunanyan')一年生实生苗为试材,研究了不同苹果砧木根系对不同肥料水平的反应。在相同的施肥条件下,不同砧木发育状况相差很大,平邑甜茶根冠比明显大于其他两种砧木,莱芜难咽无论是地上部的生物量还是地下部的生物量都远高于其他两砧木,八棱海棠地上部生物量显著高于平邑甜茶,但在总生物量上的差异并不显著。从地上部和地下部的比例上来说,总的趋势是随着土壤肥力的提高,根/冠比在减小,但是减少的比例在不同物种之间存在差异。回归分析表明,土壤中速效N水平和根/冠比有着较高的相关性。增加施肥量,根系总面积减少,根系总长度减少,根系分枝数减少,但是根系的平均粗度增加。不同基因型苹果砧木在栽培应用中对肥力要求明显不同。

The growth tediousness of root was found in fruit tree for a long time.The root shoot ratios of fruit could be effected by the fertilization dosage and modified growth tediousness.One-year seedling of Malus hupehensis ＇Pingyitiancha＇,M.micromalus＇Balenghaitang＇,M.micromalus ＇Laiwunanyan＇,were used as the materials of the experiment.The responsive patterns of between roots of different apple stock seedlings and different fertilizer level.The development among the apple stock seedlings was extensive at the same soil fertility.The root/shoot ratio of＇Ping,yitiancha was significants lager than the others.Both the underground biomass and the above ground biomass in ＇Laiwunayan＇ were higher than the other two apple stock seedlings.The above ground biomass of ＇Balenghaitang＇ was significantly higher than the ＇Pingyitiancha＇,but the total biomass had no significant difference.In the proportion of the overground and underground part,the total current followed the enhancement of the soil＇s fertility with the decrease of the shoot root ratio.With the increase of fertility,the root total area,root total length,root branching number reduced,but the diameter of them increased.The results proved the difference among the genotype which suited the soil fertility level.