伽师瓜采后生理、贮期病害及贮藏保鲜技术

Study on Postharvest Physiology,Storage Diseases and Quality Changes of Jiashi Muskmelon

【目的】研究伽师瓜采后生理和贮期病害,探讨贮藏保鲜技术。【方法】以新疆伽师瓜为试材,研究采后呼吸类型和贮期主要病害,探讨贮藏温度、pH、噻苯咪唑(TBZ)熏蒸、壳聚糖涂膜对伽师瓜贮期品质和主要病害黑斑病的影响,测定TBZ和壳聚糖处理后伽师瓜多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、果胶酶(PE)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化。【结果】伽师瓜为呼吸跃变型果实,贮期病害黑斑病病原菌为丛梗孢科(Moniliaceae)青霉属(Penicillium LK,ex Fries)鲜绿青霉(P.viridicatum Westling),TBZ熏蒸和壳聚糖涂膜对PPO、POD、PE酶活性和病原菌抑制作用显著。伽师瓜采后先用TBZ熏蒸,再用pH5.0、浓度为5mg·mL-1的壳聚糖溶液涂膜,在0.5-1.5℃的温度下贮藏105d,腐烂指数0.15,商品果率95%。【结论】TBZ和壳聚糖是伽师瓜良好的保鲜剂,结合适宜的pH和贮藏温度保鲜效果理想。

[Objective] Postharvest physiology and storage diseases of Jiashi muskmelon, in relation to the fresh keeping technology were studies. [Method] The respiration type and main storage diseases of postharvest Xinjiang Jiashi muskmelon were researched. The effects of storage temperature, pH value, thiabendazole （TBZ） fumigation and chitosan coating on storage quality and black spot disease of Jiashi muskmelon were investigated, while the activity changes of polypenoloxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD）, pectase （PE） and cataiase （CAT） of Jiashi muskmelon treated with TBZ and chitosan were measured. [Result] Jiashi muskmelon is a climacteric respiratory fruit. Penicilliurn viridicatum Westling was the main pathogen that led to black spot disease during storage. TBZ fumigation and chitosan coating inhibited the activities of PPO, POD, PE and the growth of pathogen obviously. A TBZ fumigation, pH 5.0 and 5mg.mL^-1 chitosan solution coating of Jiashi muskmelon, and then stored at 0.5-1.5℃ reduced fruit rot, with the decay index being 0.15 and the accepted fruit percentage being 95% after 105 days of storage. [Conclusion] The fresh-keeping effect of Jiashi muskmelon was optimum by TBZ and chitosan treatment under suitable pH and temperature during storage.