海水化学资源利用技术的进展

Progress of Utilization of Chemical Resources in Seawater

海水是化学矿物资源的宝库。当今世界,人口、资源和环境危机时刻威胁着人类的生存,开发取之不尽的海洋资源受到人们的高度重视。本文分析了海水化学资源种类及储量、开发的必要性及其与海水淡化、海洋化工产业的关联度;详细综述了从海水中提取钠、钾、溴、镁、锂和铀等元素的技术进展和发展趋势;提出了海水化学资源综合利用新流程,并通过工程实例对新流程的技术经济状况进行了评价。

Seawater is the huge reservoir of chemical mineral resources. With the pressure of population, resources and environment, the exploitation of the oceanic resources is paid more attention to. The category and reserves of the chemical mineral in the seawater,the necessity of utilization, and the correlativity of the exploiture of marine chemical resources with the seawater desalination and the marine chemical industry were discussed in the paper. The progress of extracting sodium, potassium, bromine, magnesium and uranium from seawater are reviewed in detail. The new flows for comprehensive utilization of seawater resource were put forward and the results of the economic evaluation show that both have good economic benefits. By analysis of the national policy for the associated industrial development, a conclusion is obtained that the seawater chemical resources utilization is of great prospect.