拟除虫菊酯类农药的降解与代谢研究进展

Research Progress on Degradation and Metabolism of Pyrethroid Insecticides

拟除虫菊酯类农药残留引发各种环境污染和食品安全问题,文章主要综述了该农药的生物降解、光降解和生物代谢三个方面的国内外研究现状。生物降解是其分解代谢的重要环境过程之一,微生物、哺乳动物、水生生物、昆虫及植物等对拟除虫菊酯的代谢都具有不可替代的作用,其中微生物降解菌的分离、微生物的酶促降解及其衍生的基因工程菌技术迅速发展,为通过基因克隆高效表达拟除虫菊酯降解酶提供依据。合理利用光能可有效去除拟除虫菊酯,光敏化降解与光猝灭降解研究可有助于农药混配的效果分析。通过拟除虫菊酯在生物体内的代谢分析可为治疗人体农药中毒提供有效方法。文章还讨论了吸附作用、氧化作用对拟除虫菊酯的降解效果。

The pyrethroid insecticides residues bring kinds of environmental contamination and food safety problems. The paper summarized the biodegradation, photodegradation and bial metabolism of pyrethroid insecticides. Biodegradation of pyrethroid insecticides is one of the major degradation pathways in the environment. The roles of microorganism, mammal, aquatic life, insect and plant in pyrethroids metabolism are very important. The isolation of degradation strains, enzymatic degradation and genetically engineering bacterica developed rapidly, which will provide a basis for high-level expression of pyrethroid degrading-enzyme by gene cloning. Reasonable utilization of the light energy can efficiently remove pyrethroid insecticides residues. The research of photosensitive degradation and photoquenching degradation can help analyzing the degradation efficiency of mixed insecticides. The analysis of pyrethroids metabolism in vivo will provide ways to insecticides poisoning therapy of human. Effect of sorption and oxidation on pyrethroid insecticides degradation were also discussed.