淀粉酶前处理应用于猪粪沼气发酵的研究

Amylase Pretreatment of Pig Manure for Biogas Production

沼气发酵经历了水解、产氢产乙酸和产甲烷三个阶段,若发酵原料是一些小分子水溶性物质,则产甲烷阶段将是整个过程的限制阶段,若发酵原料为大分子复杂有机物,则第一阶段便成了限制阶段。在实际应用中,沼气发酵的原料通常为复杂的大分子有机物,因此原料的水解反应速度决定了整个沼气发酵过程的速度。为消除水解阶段的限制,提高沼气发酵的效率,本实验尝试采用水解酶前处理技术,在猪粪沼气发酵前,先用淀粉酶预处理。实验结果表明经淀粉酶处理后,猪粪的TS和VS降解率,累积产气量,原料产气潜力,最大容积产气率,与对照组相比有明显的提高,其中经α-淀粉酶和γ-淀粉酶共同处理的TS和VS降解率分别提高了10.84%和11.11%、累积产气量提高了14.71%、原料产气潜力提高了14.7%、最大容积产气率提高了19.79%。

The process of biogas fermentation is divided into three steps including hydrolysis, acetogenesis and hydrogen formation and methane formation. When soluble organic matter is used as substrate, the step of methane formation will be rate-limiting step. If complex organic matter is used as substrate, the step of hydrolysis will be rate-limiting step. To overcome the limitation of hydrolysis, and improve the efficiency of biogas production from complex organic matter such as animal waste, domestic waste and agricultural residence, a way of hydrolase pretreatment in biogas fermentation was investigated. Results showed that when pig manure was hydrolyzed in advance by amylase, removal rate of TS and VS, accumulative biogas production, biogas production potentials and rates have been improved through amylase pre-treatment. Especially through α-amylase and γ-amylase pretreatment together, removal rate of TS and VS, as compared with control group, was increased by 10.84% and 11.11% respectively, accumulative biogas production increased by 14.71%, biogas production potential increased by 14.70%, and maximum biogas production rate increased by 19.79%.