河南永城煤矿塌陷区水质对鲫鱼形态性状指标和脏器系数的影响

Changes in Morphological Characteristics of Carassius auratus in Waterlogged Areas Caused by Coal Mining in Henan Province

选择鲫鱼Carassius auratus为研究对象,以相对无煤矿污染的商丘市天沐湖为对照,以煤矿污染较严重的永城煤矿塌陷积水区为研究样地,主要研究了永城煤矿塌陷区水质对鲫鱼形态性状指标和脏器系数的影响。结果表明,与对照天沐湖相比,永城煤矿塌陷区鲫鱼体重/全长显著减小(P<0.05),但鲫鱼头长/全长、体长/全长、尾长/全长、体高/全长差异不显著(P>0.05);脾脏系数显著减小(P<0.01),头肾系数显著增大(P<0.01),肝胰脏系数、肾脏系数、生殖腺系数差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明永城煤矿塌陷积水区长期低浓度煤矿污染对鲫鱼形态及其重要内脏器官可能造成了一定的影响。

To study the influence of Yongcheng waterlogged area caused by coal mining on the morphological characteristics of Carassius auratus, fish were captured from two different areas： Tianmuhu in Shangqiu （TMHS） , a relatively unpolluted area, as a control site; a waterlogged area caused by coal mining in Yongcheng （WAMCY）, a heavily-polluted area compared with TMHS. Observations on C. auratus morphological characteristics showed differences between TMHS and WAMCY. The ratio of body weight to total length were significantly smaller in WAMCY than those in TMHS （ P 〈 0.05 ） , but the ratio of head length to total length, tail length to total length, and body height to total length were not significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Based on comparing the differences of the organ indices between these two sites, the results showed that spleen indices were significantly higher （P 〈 0.01 ） , while the head kidney indices were much lower （P 〈 0.01 ） in WAMCY than those in TMHS, and the differences of the kidney index, liver index, and gonad index were not significant （ P 〉 0.05 ） between the two sampling sites. Thus, the results suggested that the long period of low-concentration contamination in the WAMCY had certain effects on the morphology and important organs of C. auratus.