陕西佛坪自然保护区小型兽类的组成与分布

Species and Distribution Patterns of Small Mammals in Foping Nature Reserve,Shaanxi

2008年7～8月利用夹日法对位于秦岭山脉中段南坡的佛坪自然保护区小型兽类进行了调查。共设置采集点5个。1248夹日中共捕获小型兽类247只,隶属于3目6科11属20种(另有3只竹鼠和1只鼢鼠系挖洞捕获),总捕获率达19.79%。其中,采集到的小眼姬鼠在佛坪自然保护区属新分布记录。对捕获的20种小型兽类的生态和垂直分布进行分析的结果表明:佛坪自然保护区5个群落的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数在1.8608～3.2509之间,Pielou均匀性指数在0.6776～0.8515之间。利用Whittaker指数分析了各群落的相似性,结果表明农耕带和针叶林的相似性指数最低,其余3个群落的相似性指数在60%以上。

This paper discusses the species and distribution patterns of small mammals in Foping Nature Reserve on the southern slope of the Qinling Mountain. Fieldwork was conducted from July to August 2008. A total of 247 individuals were captured on 1248 trap-days. 20 species of small mammals, representing 3 orders, 6 families and 11 genera, were recorded from 5 study sites. The average rate of capture was 19.79%. The analysis of ecological and vertical distribution of the captured mammals showed that the Shannon-Weiner diversity index in five communities was 1. 8608 - 3. 2509 and the Pielou evenness index was 0. 6776 -0. 8515. Whittaker index was used to analyze the similarity of species in each community, and the results showed that the Whittaker index of plantation and acerose leaf forest is the lowest. The Whittaker indices of the remaining three communities are above 60%. In addition, Apodemus uralensis captured in the study is the first record distributed in the Qinling Mountains.