《四库全书》“摩顶至踵”通考——兼论对某些成语的系统研究

The Research of the Idiom "mo ding zhi zhong" in Imperial Collection of Four——Discuss the Systematic Research of Some Idiom

汉语中有一些成语,历史悠久,其词形用法、语义都发生了很大的变化,从而形成了一个颇为复杂的系统。研究它们,必须尽可能多地查阅资料,运用系统的方法,全面考察,才可能避免失误,得出比较全面的认识。"摩顶至踵"系一成语,《汉语大词典》收录并解释了它。其解释采用的是枚举归纳法,且只是静态地考察它,因而存在以下不足:1.义项设立不全;2.未释其语义的理据。3.未释该词语源流。笔者特对该词语在《四库全书》中的用例,做了穷尽性的检索,并且从语源、语义、词形及其变化等各方面进行了系统的考察。

There is some idioms which has a long history in Chinese language, and the usage of morphology, meanings of these idi- oms has been changed a lot, shaped a very complex system. If you want to research those idioms and abstain from mistakes, you have to possess the datum as many as you can, use the systematic methods, and have an all - around review. Then, you will get the reali^- tions much better. ＂ mo ding zhi zhong＂ is an idiom, Great dictionary of Chinese embodies it and uses the induction to explain it. But the dictionary just has a static review of that idiom, so that the explanation has some deficiencies as follow ： 1. Lake of some items of the idiom; 2. hasn＇ t the argument grounds of the idiom＇ s explanation; 3. doesn＇ t illustrate the headstream of the idiom. So, the author of this article has searched all the examples of the idiom in Imperial Collection of Four ~ and will do a systematic research of the idiom＇ s meaning, the headstream, the morphology and the change, and so on.