中国工业部门生态效益分析

Eco-efficiency Analysis of Industrial Sector in China

借鉴世界企业永续发展委员会(WBCSD)提出的生态效益指标体系,结合社会价值因子构建了中国工业部门生态效益指标体系,利用因子分析模型研究了中国2006年工业部门生态效益及其主要影响因子,并按照工业生态效益特征将39个工业部门划分为4个类型。结果表明:中国工业部门生态效益的影响因素可以归纳为能源消耗-污染因子、水资源消耗-污染因子、经济社会效益因子;中国工业部门生态效益差异显著,机械设备制造业、电子属于生态效益最优的工业部门,以矿产品采掘与加工为基础的工业部门整体表现出高能耗、高污染、低效益,造纸及纸制品业生态效益最差。因子分析法较全面的反映了中国工业部门的生态效益,提高工业部门生态效益的建议可为中国工业的可持续发展提供决策依据。

Considering the society value, an indicator system for evaluating the eco-efficiency in the industrial sector in China was developed based on the eco-efficiency indicator system presented by World Business Council for Sustainable Development（WBCSD）. The differentiation and main influencing factors of eco-efficiency in the industrial sector in China were calculated by the factor analysis model, and 39 industrial sectors in China were divided into 4 types based on the characters of eco-efficiency. The results showed that, in 2006, the main influencing factors of the eco- efficiency in the industrial sector in China could be reduced to energy and energy-related pollution factor, water and water-related pollution factor, eco-society efficiency factor. The differentiation of eco-efficiency in the industrial sector in China was significant, the whole level of eco-efficiency in the equipment manufacturing and electron sectors were the highest; the sectors based on the mining and processing of mineral products were high energy consumption, high pollution, low efficiency; the eco-efficiency in the papermaking and paper products sectors was the lowest. The differentiation of eco-efficiency in the industrial sector in China could be reflected reasonably, and it was used to provide suggestions for the sustainable development of the industrial sector in China.