18世纪末～20世纪中叶苗族向滇东南和中印半岛北部迁徙的政治与经济因素

The Political and Economic Reasons of Miao(Hmong) People Migrated to the Southeast Yunnan and the North of the Mainland Southeast Asia from the End of the 18^(th) Century to the Mid-20^(th) Century

18世纪末~20世纪中叶苗族向滇东南和中印半岛北部的迁徙既有政治原因,也有经济原因。就政治原因而言,主要是苗族卷入其中的乾嘉起事、"咸同变乱"引发了苗族的大规模迁徙。就经济原因而言,一方面,刀耕火种的游耕农业使得相当一部分苗族人口长期处于向西南迁徙的状态,以不断寻找新的可耕地;另一方面,玉米的引进和推广使得滇东南和中印半岛北部尚未开垦的广大山区半山区成为可耕地,不断吸引着大量苗族人口迁徙而来。

From the end of the 18^th century to the mid-20^th century, Miao （Hmong） people continuously migrated from Guizhou and other places to the southeast Yunnan and the north of the Mainland Southeast Asia. The reasons behind these migrations, have both political and economic reasons. On political reasons, Qian-Jia and Xian-Tong Turbulence, which made many Miao （Hmong） people involved in, had caused two large-scale migrations. As far as economic reasons are concerned, on the one hand, the slash and burn agriculture made many Miao （Hmong） people continuously migrated to the southwest areas to look for new arable land; on the other hand, the introduction and promotion of corn turned the vast mountainous areas of the southeast Yunnan and the north of the Mainland Southeast Asia into arable land, attracting a large number of Miao （Hmong） people to migrate to these areas.