文本结构与林黛玉之死的多重解读——兼论《红楼梦》残本的积极意义

Textual Structure and the Multiple Interpretations of Death of Lin Daiyu——On the Positive Significance of the Incomplete Edition

"空白点"构成了小说文本的"召唤结构",吸引着读者在文本结构视野"隐含的读者"指引下进行个性化的多元解读。在残本《红楼梦》中,"黛玉之死"情节缺失造成的语义空白,引发了批评史上纷呈各异的多重解读。其中部分观点属消极误读,但符合文本意向性结构的积极误读又相互否定,彰显了小说文本结构无法调和的矛盾。《红楼梦》仅留残本的现实不是阅读史上的遗憾而是庆幸,正是因其未成"全璧",悬而未决,而文本"隐含的读者"指向的交叉与矛盾性,引导了"多声合鸣"的多重叙事效果,开启了《红楼梦》永无止境的解释空间,使之成为逾越时空樊篱的文学经典。

＂Blank spot＂ forms the appealing structure in a novel, attracting readers to make individual and multiple interpretations of the text under the guide of implied reader. In the Gengcheng edition of The Dream of Red Mansions, shortage of the plot of Lin Daiyu＇ s death results in semantic blank and thus multiple interpretations, some of which are negative misreading. However, the positive misreading conforming textual intentionality denies each other, which reveals irreconcilable contradiction of the textual structure of the novel. Shortage of the plot of Lin Daiyu＇ s death is not a pity but luck. The incomplete and pending structure and crossover and contradictory directions of implied readers result in an effect of multiple narration and open an endless interpretation space for The Dream of Red Mansions, thus establishing it as an eternal literary classic.