HM发酵技术生产烟用有机肥的应用研究

Research on the Application of HM Fermentation-based Organic Fertilizer Instead of Cake Fertilizer

[目的]降低烟叶用有机肥的生产成本。[方法]用猪粪、牛羊粪作有机肥,谷壳、农作物秸秆等作辅料进行微生物发酵,选出适宜优质烟叶生产所需的高质量有机肥辅料发酵配方,并通过5个不同处理研究不同用量对烟叶生产的影响。[结果]通过HM发酵基能够充分发酵生产优质烟用有机肥,其辅料组成以猪粪60%＋粉碎农作物秸秆30%＋谷壳10%配方生产的有机肥各项化学指标较好。当有机肥的有机质含量高达71.13%,氮磷钾总量为5.67%（全氮1.88%,全磷3.17%,全钾0.62%）,施肥量为1 200-1 800 kg/hm^2时,能有效促进产量、产值的提高。[结论]禽畜粪便发酵生产优质烟用有机肥可以替代高成本的饼肥。

[Objective] The cost for the use of organic fertilizer in tobacco production would be reduced.[Method] The formula of pig,cattle and sheep manure as organic fertilizer,the rice husk,crop straw and others as the accessories under microbial fermentation for the production of good-quality special tobacco organic fertilizer was researched and the effect of the different dosages on tobacco leaf yield and quality was studied.[Results] Good-quality special tobacco fertilizer fully HM fermentation-based could be produced and there were suitable chemical indicators in the fermented organic fertilizer with the composition of 60% pig ＋ 30% straw ＋ 10% rice husk.The amount of the organic fertilizer was 1 200~1 800 kg/hm^2 applied in tobacco production,which could effectively promote the tobacco yield and its productive value,when the amount of organic matter and total NPK（nitrogen： 1.88%;total phosphorus,3.17% and total potassium 0.62%） in the fertilizer.[Conclusion] The fermentation of livestock manure for the production of good-quality organic fertilizer can replace of high-cost oil cake fertilizer in tobacco production.