韩国人的历史观与中韩关系

South Koreans' Understanding of History and China-Korean Relations

韩国近代民族主义确立的过程,既是反对列强侵略的过程,也是脱离中华秩序的过程。清朝入主中原以后,朝鲜形成强烈的尊明排清意识,从而影响到朝鲜人的历史观,也使近代清政府维持宗藩关系的努力面临种种困难。韩国近代民族史学出现后,以北方史观重新构筑韩国史,批判事大主义,韩国人的历史观由此发生根本性变化。1945年后,韩国的在野史学又在民族史学的基础上进一步加以发挥,提倡大陆史观。这种无限扩大的韩民族史观,必然与中国人的历史观发生冲突,从而影响到中韩两国关系的发展。

The formation of South Korea's modern nationalism was a process of its opposition to the invasions by great powers and in particular a process of breaking away from the traditional Chinese order. From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Korea maintained a mentality of 'respecting the Ming and rejecting the Qing,' which created difficulties for the Qing court to sustain the suzerain-vassal system with Korea. Then the 'Historical View of the North' served the purpose of reconstructing the Korean history. Criticisms of Flunkeyism (the principle that a small state must wait upon the big one) fundamentally changed the Korean historical cognition. After 1945, a 'Continental Historical View' based on its ethnic history was promoted. This infinite expansion of the Korean nationalist cognition is bound to conflict with the Chinese historical cognition and thus to affect the development of Sino-Korean Relations.