特征相似性、类别标签与因果关系在归纳推理中的作用

Feature Similarity,Category Labels,and Causal Relations in Inductive Reasoning

采用人工材料,比较类别标签、特征相似性与因果关系对归纳推理强度的影响。包括两个实验,实验1比较类别标签与特征相似性对归纳推理的影响,结果表明,当类别标签对归纳推理的影响显著强于特征相似性时,不能将类别标签等同于一个相似性特征。实验2进一步探讨类别标签与因果关系对归纳推理的作用,结果表明,因果关系作用明显强于类别标签的作用。综合两个实验的结果并整合前人相关研究,提出了不同关系影响归纳推理的强度假想。

Two experiments investigated the influence of feature similarity, category labels, and causal relations in inductive reasoning. Unfamiliar artificial exemplars were used in all experiments. In the first study, comparing the effect of feature similarity and that of category labels, people tended to choose category labels in inductive reasoning, indicating that category labels are not equal to one feature similarity. The subsequent experiments pitted causal relations against category labels in induction. The results showed that people prefer to share causal relations over category labels as a basis for induction. Combining this study with previous research, we hypothesize that different relations influence the effect of inductive reasoning.