以亚里士多德的悲剧理论赏析莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆莱特》

An appreciative analysis of shakespeare's Hamlet base on Aristotle's tragedy theory

亚里士多德的《诗学》对悲剧进行了全面论述,对后世悲剧理论的发展产生了深远影响。莎士比亚作为欧洲最伟大的剧作家也深受亚里士多德悲剧理论的影响,然而他是以扬弃的方式对悲剧理论继承的,并在作品中加入与他所处时代相契合的独特风格。本文从"情节整一律","悲剧人物论"和"悲剧‘净化’说"三方面对莎士比亚的悲剧《哈姆莱特》进行分析,以达到帮助理解亚里士多德部分悲剧理论和《哈姆莱特》作品的目的。

Aristotle＇s Poetics is the earliest known and only extant Greek technical handbook of literary criticism. In the book, he gives a clear definition of tragedy. Aristotle＇s theory of tragedy gives great influence to the tragedy theories in the past two thousand years. Shakespeare as the greatest dramatist also learns from Aristotle＇s theory, but he uses the theory in a sublation way and adds his typical style to his plays. This article tries to analyze Shakespeare＇s Hamlet through three aspects： the completeness of the plot, the theory of tragic character and the purgation theory. The purpose of this article is to help the reader understand part of Aristotle＇s tragedy theory and Hamlet.