现代日本商业银行竞争力发展变迁历程及启示

The Development Course of Competitiveness of Modern Japanese Commercial Banks and the Inspiration

日本商业银行在日本战后经济恢复中发挥了重要作用,其竞争力发展变迁过程可以概括为"基础竞争力培养→强势体制竞争力/弱势现实竞争力→强势综合竞争力→强势现实竞争力/弱势潜在竞争力→核心竞争力缺失→竞争力重构与补充→新的挑战"。笔者通过分析认为,影响商业银行竞争力发展的因素包括:外部发展环境、国家行业政策、同业竞争激励、业务多元化与创新、资产质量与风险管理、国际化策略、并购与重组、战略竞争力等。中国商业银行需要借鉴日本的经验与教训,通过多策并举,不断提高自身的核心竞争力。

Japanese Commercial Banks played an important role in the recovery of Japanese economy after World War II. Their competitiveness development history can be generalized in the following route： basic competitiveness cultivation strong system competitiveness/weak realistic competitiveness → strong comprehensive competitiveness → strong realistic competitiveness/weak potential competitiveness → lack of core competence→ reconstruction and replenishment of competi- tiveness → new challenges. Many factors have influence on the development of bank＇s competitiveness, which include external development environment, national policy, intra-industry competition, business diversity and innovation, asset quality and risk management, internationalization strategy, M＆A and strategic competitiveness. Chinese commercial banks should learn the experience from Japanese banks, and use multi-methods to improve their core competence.