超临界流体技术的工业化应用以及超临界流体的过量焓解析

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TECHNOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF EXCESS ENTHALPY OF THE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

在近３０年间，超临界流体作为溶剂在许多领域的研究已经取得了较大发展。本文将通过实例对超临界流体在萃取、清洗、结晶、材料制造、废物回收利用，以及反应、合成等方面的应用和研究开发的动向进行说明。同时，超临界流体所拥有的大量热能，在新型节能工艺过程中开发利用方面的研究引起了我们的兴趣。为此，我们搜集了至今为止已公开发表的各种有关超临界流体的二元混合物过量焓的文献，并对某些体系的过量焓进行了测定［６，８，１０］，建立了超临界流体过量焓数据库［７］。本文将对数据库中的数据进行分析，并对出现的一些现象进行探索性说明，同时对超临界流体过量焓的应用也进行了讨论。

More than thirty years have passed since processes based on supercritical fluid technology began attract industrial attention as an effective solvents and reactants in the separation and reaction processes. Obvious progresses has been made in various areas till now. Some industrial applications and research and development trends in extraction, washing, crystallization, material manufacturing, waste treatment and recycle, reaction and synthesis areas are stated in this paper. In recent years, the excess enthalpy along isothermo isobars in the critical and supercritical regions has been measured by us and others. The excess enthalpy in those regions varies greatly with temperature, pressure, and mole fraction. When the critical region is spanned, the excess enthalpy exhibits large negative or positive values. There is a high potential for utilizing these phenomena in development of heat pump and other new type saving energy processes applications in heat exchange, heat transport, and heat storage. In the present work, we tried to analyse the experimental data in the database and find some interested phenomena between excess enthalpy and temperature, pressure, carbon chain length, molecular weight, hydrogen bond, heat capacity at constant pressure, saturated vapor pressure, and vapor liquid equilibrium. Applications of the excess enthalpy were also discussed.