荣成靖海湾海参养殖池塘初级生产力季节变化特征

Seasonal Characteristics of Primary Production of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) Culture Ponds in Jinghai Bay,Rongcheng

2007年5月-2007年11月调查了山东荣成靖海湾海参养殖池塘水体中浮游植物种类组成、生物量、叶绿素含量变化以及底泥沉积物中叶绿素和脱镁叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明,海参养殖池塘水体中浮游植物共有7门,44属,62种,主要以硅藻为主。水体中浮游植物平均生物量1号池塘为17.52×10^4/L;2号池塘为18.30×10^4/L。水体叶绿素含量变化范围：1号池塘为1.38-5.00μg/L;2号池塘为0.98-5.45μg/L。池塘沉积物中叶绿素含量变化范围：1号池塘为0.66-1.67μg/g,2号池塘为0.56-1.34μg/g。池塘沉积物中脱镁叶绿素含量变化范围：1号池塘为2.97-5.63μg/g;2号池塘为2.90-6.36μg/g。1号池塘和2号池塘的浮游植物群落结构及叶绿素含量没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。叶绿素,脱镁叶绿素变化趋势较为一致。海参夏眠期间,沉积物中叶绿素及脱镁叶绿素含量最高,为海参结束夏眠进入摄食提供食物储备。研究结果表明,靖海湾海参养殖池塘浮游植物以硅藻为主,养殖池塘水体浮游植物生物量较低,多样性指数较高,增加浮游植物沉降速率,增加养殖系统初级生产力可为海参提供更多食物。

Surveys on the phytoplankton communities,size structure and chlorophyll a of sea cucumber culture ponds were carried out in Jinghai bay,Rongcheng,Shandong Province from May 2007 to November 2007.The results showed that 62 species in 44 genera were identified in the sea cucumber culture ponds,in which diatoms were the dominant category,accounting for 67.84% of the total species.The average phytoplankton densities were 17.52×10^4 cell·L^-1 in pond1 and 18.30×10^4 cell·L^-1 n pond2.The diversity index and evenness index were preliminarily analyzed.The size-fractionated chlorophyll a was measured.Phytoplankton was classified with three size fractions as follows： microphytoplankton（20 μm）,nanophytoplankton（2~20 μm） and picophytoplankton（0.2~2.0 μm）.The results showed that microphytoplankton was the most important primary producer in sea cucumber culture ponds,nanophytoplankton was the second and picophytoplankton was the third.The chlorophyll a concentrations changed from 1.38 to 5.00 μg·L-1 in pond1 and from 0.98 to 5.45 μg·L-1 in pond2,the results showed that the maximum biomass of phytoplankton occurred during July.The phytoplankton biomass in sea cucumber culture ponds was low and the biodiversity was high.