两种海洋专性解烃菌降解石油的协同效应

Synergic effect of marine obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in oil biodegradation

【目的】为研究在石油降解过程中海洋专性解烃菌的协同效应。【方法】以食烷菌22CO-6、JZ9B和海杆菌PY97S为实验材料构建石油降解菌群,采用重量法、气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器、气相色谱质谱联用及棒薄层色谱等多种手段分析、比较降解菌纯培养和降解菌群对原油的降解率及石油降解后产物的多元色谱图。【结果】构建的降解菌群22CO-6+PY97S和JZ9B+PY97S中2种专性解烃菌具有明显的协同效应。与石油烃降解菌22CO-6、JZ9B单菌降解相比,PAHs降解菌PY97S的加入,可以使原油降解率从27.81%、83.52%分别提高到64.03%和86.89%,同时促进石油中烷烃、芳香烃组分包括高分子量多环芳烃chrysene及其衍生物的降解。【结论】在石油降解过程中海洋专性解烃菌之间存在明显的协同效应,不仅可以加快石油降解,还可以彻底降解石油中生态毒性较大的高分子量化合物。

[Objective]In order to study the synergic effect of two marine obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in the oil biodegradation process. [Methods] We combined the PAHs degrader Marinobacter sp. PY97S with the oil degrader Alcanivorax sp. 22CO-6 and Alcanivorax sp. JZ9B respectively to construct oil-degrading consortia. Multiple methods including weighting method, gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection were used to analyze and compare the oil degradation rates as well as the chromatographic figures of degraded oil between the pure cultures of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and defined consortia. [Results] The two consortia, 22CO-6＋PY97S and JZ9B＋PY97S, exhibited synergic effects in the oil biodegradation process. The degradation rates of oil by the consortia were increased from 27.81% and 83.52% to 64.03% and 86.89% compared to the pure culture of oil degrader 22CO-6 and JZ9B, respectively. The consortia could degrade aliphatic and aromatic fraction at the same time, including high molecular weight PAHs chrysene and its alkyl derivatives. [Conclusion] There are obvious synergic effect of Alcanivorax and Marinobacter strains in the oil biodegradation process, which accelerated the oil biodegradation and decomposed thoroughly the more ecotoxic high molecular weight compounds in crude oil.