临床患者输血前传染性标志物的检测及意义

Significance and Detection of Contagious Serum Markers Before Blood Transfusion

目的了解临床患者输血前传染性疾病的感染情况,预防医院感染,避免因输血引起的医疗纠纷。方法对25 870例临床患者进行输血前乙型肝炎两对半、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体[抗HIV(1+2)]、梅毒快速血浆反应素(RPR)及梅毒特异性抗体4项传染性标志物检测。结果各种传染性标志物的阳性率分别为乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原9.45%、抗HCV 0.42%、抗HIV(1+2)0.008%、RPR 0.50%、梅毒特异性抗体0.51%。结论临床患者输血前传染性标志物的检测对医患双方均有益,对疾病的早期诊断与早期治疗、临床输血管理的安全监控、减少医疗纠纷、防止医源性感染均有重要意义。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection situation of infectious diseases in patients before blood transfusion,prevent nosocomial infection and avoid medical dispute.METHODS These contagious serum markers including HBV markers（HBV VM）,anti-HCV,anti-HIV（1＋2）,rapid plasma reagin（RPR） for syphilis and syphilis-specific antibodies were tested in 25 870 patients before blood transfusion.RESULTS The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV（1＋2）,RPR and syphilis-specific antibodies before blood transfusion were 9.45%,0.42%,0.007%,0.50% and 0.51%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The testing of the contagious serum markers of the receivers before blood transfusion is not only beneficial for both the hospital and the patients,but also more important to ensure blood transfusion safety,decrease of medical dissatisfaction and prevent nosocomial infection.