两种单像空间后方交会模型分析

The analysis of two single image space resection models

共线条件方程是近景摄影测量的核心。分析了基于共线条件方程的单像空间后方交会方法的两种数学模型的相互关系,并对两种模型法方程的病态性进行了分析比较。基于三个控制点的情况,对两种模型解算外方位元素的精度,以及控制点分布对模型的影响进行了仿真和分析,结果显示像方模型在解算精度和稳定性方面要优于物方模型。根据误差的协方差传递原理,提出了一种基于像方模型,依据测量精度要求对相机的分辨率和焦距等参数设计的方法。

The collinearity equation is the core of close range photogrammetry.Two mathematical models of single image space resection based on collinearity equation,which are called object space model and image space model,are presented.In the case of three control points,the relationship between the two models is developed and the ill-conditioned difference is compared between the normal equations derived from the two models.And then a research is carried out on how the distribution of control points influence the performances of the normal equation of image space model and the correlation among the elements of exterior orientation,when the plane of control points is parallel to the image plane.At last,a method is developed based on the principle of propagation of covariance,and the approach is applicable to the design of camera parameters,such as focal length and resolution of the camera.