深圳市水体景观破碎化动态及其生态价值变化

Urban Water Landscape Fragmentation and the Change of Ecological Values in Shenzhen

结合景观生态学理论、轨迹分析法及生态系统服务功能评价方法,以深圳市域的水体为研究对象,分析水体景观破碎化动态及其生态价值变化。研究结果表明:1)城市水体景观破碎化过程显著,以水体萎缩为主要特征。在2000—2006年间水体变化速率加快,表现为河流片段化及渠道化,坑塘、滩涂萎缩破碎。同时不同水体类型具备不同的破碎化特征,河流表现为先破碎后萎缩,坑塘及滩涂表现为持续萎缩,而水库的破碎度稳定。2)水体的变化轨迹以建设用地为主要终点,水体向建设用地的转化驱动水体破碎化及萎缩过程,其中人为推平及填埋水体是主要变化因素。3)水体景观破碎化降低了生态系统服务功能的间接价值,阻碍了生命支持系统功能的发挥;同时水体的产品生产功能所反映的直接价值得到提高,导致间接价值比重不断降低。

With the aid of theory of landscape ecology, analysis of trajectories and assessment of ecosystem service, this paper takes the water body in Shenzhen as the research object, analyzing the dynamic process of water body fragment and the corresponding changes of the ecosystem service. The results show that ： 1 ） the process of water body fragment is so clear that the shrink of water body is the main characteristic. During 2000 and 2006, rivers became segment and channelization, pond and wetland were shrinking. In addition, the processes of fragment are different between each kind of water body. 2） The endpoint of the trajectories of change of water is developed land, and the changing process from water to developed land impose the trend of fragmentation and shrinking. 3 ） Water fragmentation restricts the ecological service. The direct service value increases continuously, while the indirect service value decreases, which leads to the increase of the proportion of the direct service value.