低碳经济对电网规划和发展的影响

Impact of low-carbon economy on planning and development of power grid

能源、环境和气候变化问题是当今世界关注的焦点,低碳经济是全球经济发展的大势所趋,是中国经济发展的必由之路。对这一问题进行初步探讨并且提出:低碳经济将深刻地影响电力需求水平、分布、结构,电源的效率提高、合理布局,新能源的比重、核电的发展、水资源的利用、煤炭资源的开发与利用等,电网的发展方向、远距离输电网的比重、大电网合理规模和结构、智能电网的发展方向和重点、城市与农村电网的发展趋势等;低碳经济对电网发展影响主要是通过对负荷和电源的影响而实现的,这些影响更多的是正面的,分布式电源、油气电站、分散式太阳能电站,包括核电,由于其自身的特点,需要建设在负荷中心地区,缩短了电源与负荷的距离,对保障电网的安全经济可靠供电是有利的。

Energy, environment and climate change are the worldwide major concerns nowadays. Low-carbon economy is the general course of global economic development and the only way of Chinese economic development. The low-carbon economy will greatly and deeply impact on the future development of electric power industry, and then greatly and deeply impact on the power grid planning and development. Therefore, a preliminary probe into this issue is shown, which put forward that the low carbon economy will profoundly and widely influence the following aspects： level, distribution and structure of power demand; efficiency and layout of power source; percentage of renewable energy; development of nuclear energy; utilization of water resources; development and use of coal; direction of power grid development; proportion of long-distance transmission; rational scale and structure of large grid; development and key point of smart grid; as well as the trends of urban and rural power grid development. The impact of low-carbon economy on the development of power grid is realized by the impact on the load and power sources. Such impacts are mostly positive. The distributed power system, gas or oil-fired power station, and separated photovoltaic power station, as well as nuclear power, due to its own characteristic, shall be built in the load center area, which shorten the distance between the power source and load center. It is of benefit to the safe, economical and reliable power supply of the power grid.