秸秆腐解物覆盖对园林土壤理化性质的影响

Effect of mulching with straw composts on soil properties of landscape

为了了解不同类型不同厚度的作物秸秆腐解物的覆盖在园林上的应用效果,采用玉米、小麦、棉花秸秆的腐解物为覆盖材料,覆盖3、6、9cm,研究了不同秸秆腐解物及不同厚度覆盖对土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,覆盖可以显著降低表层(0～10cm)土壤体积质量,提高土壤渗透性,具有显著的保水作用,如覆盖1a,各材料覆盖6cm效果理想,如覆盖2a,玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆覆盖最佳覆盖厚度为9cm,棉花秸秆最佳覆盖厚度为6cm;3种秸秆覆盖6cm时,杂草减少96%以上,覆盖9cm时,杂草抑制率达100%;覆盖1a后土壤中有机质和养分含量显著增加;覆盖后地面径流浑浊度减少90%以上;覆盖还能减缓土壤温度变化幅度。农业废弃物园林覆盖省水、省肥、省工,符合节约型园林的要求,生态效益显著,值得推广应用。

The objective of the research is to realizing the effects of mulching with different straw composts and thickness on landscape soil properties.The corn,wheat and coton straw composts were used as mulch with 3,6 and 9 cm thick,to study the effects of landscape mulching with different straw composts and different thickness treatments on soil properties.The results showed that in the upper layer（0-10 cm）soil bulk density were reduced,the soil moisture,soil permeability were increased significantly with mulch of three straw composts.The ideal thickness was 6 cm for each straw compost if mulched for one year,and if mulched for two years,the 9 cm thick mulch of corn and wheat straw composts and 6 cm thick of cotton straw compost showed the best effect to soil properties.More than 96%of weed population were reduced with 6 cm mulch,and inhibition rate were 100%with 9 cm mulch.After one year＇s mulching the soil organic matter and nutrients were increased significantly.More than 90%soil sediments in runoff water were reduced with the straw composts mulching.Soil temperature variation were less fluctuating with the straw composts mulching.Mulch with agricultural waste on landscape can save water,fertilizer and labor,accord with the demands of economical landscape building,and the ecological benefits are remarkable,so it is worth of promoting and application.