北京市土地利用空间结构特征分析

Analysis on spatial structural characteristics of land use of Beijing City

分析北京市土地利用空间结构特征,对于北京市未来土地的合理利用具有重要意义。该文从景观、经济和生态3方面着手,应用区域土地利用类型多样化程度指数、土地利用程度综合指数、经济密度指数及生态价值等指标,借助1km×1km网格进行空间表达,阐述了2006年北京市土地利用空间结构特征。研究结果表明:2006年北京市土地利用类型比较齐全,北京市土地利用/覆盖多样化指数和土地利用程度指数呈由西北山区向东南平原逐渐增大的过渡趋势;2006年北京市平均土地经济密度为47.97×106元/km2;北京市西北林区经济密度最低,而城镇区域最高,且集中连片;2006年北京市总体生态价值约为13488.13×106元,每平方千米约为0.82×106元,略高于全国平均水平。建议提高土地利用效率,使北京土地利用走上可持续发展的道路。

Analysis on spatial structure characteristics of land use is very significant for reasonable land use in the future of Beijing,where was the study area.This paper,from landscape,economic and ecological points of view,expounded spatial structure characteristics of land use of Beijing.And a series of indexes such as land use diversity,land use extent, economic density and ecological value were applied to analyze the spatial structure characteristics of land use for the year 2006.These indexes were all gridded with 1km×1km cells to detect spatial heterogeneity.The results showed that land use category of Beijing was complete in 2006.The land use,cover diversity index and the land use extent index turned out to be gradually increasing from the mountainous regions in northwest Beijing to the plain regions in southeastern part.The average land economic density of Beijing for 2006 was 47.97×10^ 6 RMB/km ^2 .Meanwhile,the economic density of forestland was minimum,on the contrary,that of urban and town characterized by concentration and aggregation was maximum.The total ecosystem services value for the study area was 13 488.13×10^ 6 RMB with the average of 0.82×10^ 6 RMB/km ^2 ,which was a little bit higher than the national average level.Authors suggested efficiency and effectiveness of land use need to be further improved to make land use of Beijing more sustainable.