我国高等教育收益的获得机制分析

Analyzing Our Higher Education Acquisition Mechanism of Benefit

学者们对于我国高等教育的个人收益率和社会收益率的计算结果差异较大,研究方法或忽略了教育成本因素,或过于主观化,甚至存在着系统性错误。为了真正获得研究的政策价值,必须对我国高等教育收益的获得机制进行系统分析。高等教育同时通过生产效应、筛选效应、资源配置效应以及投资和消费作用使个人和社会获得额外的收益,而劳动力市场分割情况又对高等教育收益状况产生重要影响。高等教育个人收益的价值在于为家庭理性选择提供指导,调节教育本身的供求矛盾;社会收益的价值在于促进一国短期和长期的经济稳定发展,基于此,处理好物力资本投资和人力资本投资之间的关系才是关键。应采取的举措为:明确高等教育的生产效应为高等教育利益获得机制的根本,坚持稳步适度发展的政策;强化高等教育的质量观,使文凭成为有效信号;加强"处理不均衡状态能力"方面的教育;正确对待高等教育投资和消费作用;增强劳动力市场流动性,提高人力资源配置效率。

In terms of personal rate of return and social rate of return from our higher education, scholars got rather different results, which resulted from different research method or neglect for educational cost, or over subjective factors, even systematic error existence. We should start from benefit acquisition mechanism of our country to take a systematic analysis and then acquire real policy value. Through production effect, filtration effect, effect of resources allocation and the role of investment and consumption, higher education makes individuals and society gain their additional benefits, while partition of labor market conducts a vital influence upon higher education acquisition. For individual＇ s benefit, higher education can guide family to develop in a reasonable way, adjusting a supply-demand contradiction of education ; for social benefit, it can promote stable development of national economy in a short or long term. On such a basis, the key is to handle well with the relation between material capital investment and human capital investment. The paper suggests we should take the following measures ： clarifying that production effect of higher education should be the root of benefit acquisition mechanism of higher education, and adhering to the policy of stable and moderate development; strengthening the concept of improving higher education quality to guarantee the value of diploma; enhancing education of ＂capacity of dealing with non-equilibrium＂; holding a correct attitude of investment and consumption role of higher education; improving the mobility of labor market to increase allocative of human resources.