珠江三角洲农民工身体健康与体育行为调查研究

An Investigation on Health Condition and Sports Behavior of Peasant Workers in Pearl River Delta

运用文献资料调研、问卷调查、结构访谈以及体质测量等研究方法对珠江三角洲地区农民工的健康和体育参与状况以及影响因素进行研究。研究表明,珠三角农民工自测健康总体得分偏低,各年龄段的差异非常显著;珠三角农民工总体心理健康水平低于全国平均水平,体质状况不容乐观,尤其是心肺功能低于同龄农村人口;社会与环境、工作与生活、体育态度与能力等因子是影响珠三角农民工体育锻炼主要因素;珠三角农民工锻炼时间远低于城市居民的周锻炼时间,锻炼强度偏低,体育活动的选择集中在花费不高、运动技能简单、没有太多场地要求、易于实现的体育运动项目上;珠三角的工厂企业很少组织农民工开展体育活动,农民工自身进行体育竞赛组织能力很差;体育场地设施严重缺乏和农民工的基本健康知识、体育知识普遍缺失也是影响珠三角农民工参与体育锻炼的主要因素。

Through using the method of literature review,questionnaire and structural interview,and based on physical measurements,this paper investigated the health condition and the sports behavior of the peasant workers in the pearl river delta（PRD）,and the corresponding influencing factors are under our concern as well.The result shows that：the self-estimated health of the peasant works in PRD scores low in general and the age difference is very significant,the same is true of their psychological conditions.Their body conditions,especially cardiorespiratory function,can not be optimistic and are worse than the rural population of the same age.Society and environment,work and life,sports attitude and competence are the main factors influencing their sports behavior.Their sports time and intensity is much less than urban citizens,their sports activities are concentrated in the easy-to-implement events which require low cost,simple skills and less space.Few factories and enterprises in PHD organize their peasant workers to carry out sports activities,while the peasant workers are poor in making sports arrangements of their own.Moreover,the serious lack of sports facilities and the general lack of health and sports knowledge turn up to be the main factors influencing their sports behaviors.