锻炼干预癌症发生和发展的生物学机制

Biological Mechanisms of Exercise Interventions on the Genesis and Development of Cancer

在总结目前关于癌变过程基本认识和锻炼与癌症联系的国内外文献基础上,综述了锻炼影响癌症发生和发展的可能途径及其生物学机制,指出锻炼通过调节致癌物的激活与解毒,DNA修复过程和氧化损伤,肿瘤免疫,炎症反应,细胞增殖与凋亡过程,能量平衡、体重/身体成分,类固醇激素,血管发生等机制干预癌症的发生和发展。虽然明确了锻炼与癌症的某些联系,但有些途径和机制仍未得到澄清,需要进行更细致的研究。以后的研究应重视几个方面:1)标准化与锻炼有关的变量,以便不同的研究进行比较,也便于确定产生显著抗癌作用的锻炼形式、强度、持续时间和频率等要素;2)注意各生物学途径间的相互影响;3)应包括非荷瘤动物和人,确定可否从动物转移到人体干预,从临床干预转移到锻炼预防和康复。

By summarizing the literature about the fundamental understanding of carcinogenesis process and the relationship between exercise and cancer,this paper reviewed the biological mechanisms and possible pathways that exercise effects on the genesis and development of cancer and pointed out that these biological mechanisms were modulating carcinogen activation and detoxification,DNA repair process and oxidative damage,antitumour immunity,inflammation,proliferation and apoptosis,energy balance,bodyweight/composition,steroid hormones,angiogenesis and so on.So the exercise-cancer link was identified more clearly,however,more sophisticated,detailed studies are needed in the future,the future studies should be designed to address the following issues：1） The standardization of these exercise-related variables is necessary so that results from different studies can be more easily compared,and to identify the pattern,intensity,frequency and duration of exercise needed to achieve the anticancer effect.2） To pay attention to the interaction of each biological pathways.3） The studies should include nontumour-bearing animals and men to determine if the animal model can be translated into human interventions,if the clinical effect can be translated into rehabilitation and prevention by exercise.