南庄头遗址早期陶器烧成温度研究

Firing Temperature Analysis of Early Pottery from Nanzhuangtou Site

采用热膨胀仪高温和低温测试方法，结合模拟试验和X射线衍射分析，对华北地区重要的新石器时代早期遗址——河北徐水南庄头遗址所出早期陶片的烧成温度进行综合分析，从而为平地堆烧工艺提出较为科学的证据。模拟实验表明，所采用的热膨胀仪能适应低温法测温实验；用热膨胀高温法测出早期陶片中有一块样品原始烧成温度略高于900℃，其余5块样品皆低于900℃；通过热膨胀低温法较为准确地测出这五块样品原始烧成温度是分别介于550～650℃、650-750℃、750～900℃三个范围，而X射线衍射分析结果从物相成分的角度证明了测温结果的可靠性。样品总体原始烧成温度呈一种较低温、不均匀分布的情况，与民族学调查的平地堆烧工艺有共同之处，这表明当时南庄头先民的制陶工艺还在平地堆烧阶段。

The firing temperature of early pottery from Nanzhuangtou site in Xushui, Hebei province, which is an important early Neolithic site in north China, was systematically analyzed through simulation experiments and measurement by dilatometer and XRD. The whole analysis results provide scientific proof for the open firing process. Simulation experiments make sure that the dilatometer is able to detect the expansion changes in low temperature. The high temperature reheating process with dilatometer analysis indicate that the firing temperature are little higher than 900 ℃ for one sample and lower than 900℃ for other five samples with firing temperature ranges of 550 - 650 ℃, 650 - 750 ℃and 750 - 900 ℃. The results from mineral composition analysis of the samples by X-ray diffraction provide further evidence of the reliability of the thermal expansion measurement. From these experiments, the conclusion that the firing temperature of the samples is low and uneven could be obtained, which is consistent with that in ethnology report about open firing. So it seems that our ancestor in Nanzhuangtou used open firing process to make pottery at that time.