路德的宗教改革与西方现代性观念的起源

Luther's Reformation and the Origin of the Modernity

本文力图从逻辑上梳理路德神学的内在结构,侧重厘清路德神学的开创性和革命性一面,即从西方现代性观念的起源角度去探求路德神学的范式转换和结构变革。从逻辑上说,路德在把真正神学规定为十字架神学和把神学主题确立为因信称义救赎论的两大理论突破之下,实现了一场神学的思维转向和范式转换,福音范式成为路德理解神学、教会和社会的标准尺度。从而,福音教会作为打破中世纪罗马教会大一统思想政治局面以及取代、抗衡和制约罗马教会的教阶体制和教皇至上的实践成果,在新教地区有利于民族国家的崛起和自由思潮的产生。因此,路德神学表征西方现代性的源头意义之处正在于全面性的结构变革——神学与哲学学科分离的文化结构变革、宗教与政治职能分离的社会结构变革以及教会生活民主化的教会结构变革。

By analyzing the logic of Luther＇s theology, this paper tries to reveal its innovative and revolutionary side. Logically, by prescribing the authentic theology a cross theology and setting salvation as the theological theme Luther recognizes the transformation of the theological thinking and makes evangelicalism a standard to comprehend theology, church and society. As a consequence of breaking the unity of Roman church and denying the supreme position of the Pope, the evangelical church encourages the rise of national countries and the thought of liberty. Therefore, the significance of Luther theology which represents the modernity lies in the entire change of structure, namely, the change of cultural structure marking the division between theology and philosophy, the change of social structure marking the division between religion and politics, and the change of religious structure marking the democratization of religious life.