全球大型凝析气田的分布特征及其形成主控因素

Distribution of global condensate gas field and major factors controlling its formation

随着勘探的不断深入,越来越多的凝析气藏被发现,并受到重视。目前全球共发现106个大型凝析气田,分布于全球70多个沉积盆地。凝析气田主要分布于西西伯利亚盆地、滨里海盆地、波斯湾盆地、扎格罗斯盆地、美国墨西哥湾及塔里木盆地等。通过对全球各大凝析气田进行系统的研究,发现凝析气藏主要分布在石炭系—新近系储层中,以构造圈闭为主,储集体物性较差,属于低孔低渗型,凝析气和凝析油的密度均相对较低。凝析气田的形成和展布主要受控于有效烃源岩分布、有利的储盖组合、圈闭类型、晚期成藏、特殊的温压系统和烃类体系组分等条件。根据其成因机理,将凝析气藏分为原生凝析气藏和次生凝析气藏。

Condensate gas is an important oil and gas resource,which attracts more and more attention as in-depth exploration and discovery continuing. A total of 106 giant condensate gas fields were discovered in the world. They are distributed in more than 70 sedimentary basins,mainly in West Siberia Basin,Marginal Caspian Basin,Persian Gulf Basin,Zagros Basin,U.S. Gulf of Mexico,Tarim Basin and so on. According to the systematic investigation and study of global major giant condensate gas fields,it is found that these condensate gas fields,located in structural traps,are mainly distributed in the strata from the Carboniferous to the Neogene; that they have poor reservoir properties,being the type of low porosity and low permeability. The density of condensate gas and condensate oil is relatively low. The formation and distribution of condensate gas fields are mainly controlled by the distribution of effective hydrocarbon source rocks,favorable reservoir-cap combination,trap types,late accumulation,specific temperature and pressure systems,and hydrocarbon system component. According to their formation mechanism,the condensate gas pools are divided into primary condensate gas pools and secondary condensate gas pools.