全球含硫化氢天然气的分布特征及其形成主控因素

Global distribution hydrogen sulphide-bearing natural gas and the major factors controlling its formation

含硫化氢天然气是天然气资源的重要组成部分,也是硫磺的重要来源之一,其全球资源量巨大,分布范围广泛。高含硫化氢天然气主要分布在北美洲、欧洲、前苏联、中东、亚洲等地区的大型油气田中。这些油气田的油气地球化学性质各不相同,硫化氢成因复杂,硫化氢含量变化较大,从0.1%～98%都有分布。通过对全球各大含硫化氢油气田进行系统的调查研究,发现含硫化氢的油气藏主要分布在三叠纪和石炭纪碳酸盐岩储层中,构造位置位于被动大陆边缘;碳酸盐岩储集体物性较好,盖层通常由膏盐与岩盐组成,膏盐的位置对硫化氢的产生影响很大;良好的盖层也是大量硫化氢气体得以聚集保存的重要条件。大量硫化氢的产生一般出现在温度等于或高于120℃的储集体中,并伴随有大量的二氧化碳产生。

As an important part of gas resource and an important source of sulfur,the sulfurous gas has a great amount of global resources and distributes in a wide range,mainly in large oil and gas fields of North America,Europe,the former Soviet Union,the Middle East,Asia and other regions. These oil and gas fields have different geochemical property and different origination of sulfurous gas; the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas（H2S）varies greatly in these oil and gas fields,from 0.17% to 98%. According to the systematic investigation and study of global major oil and gas fields containing hydrogen sulfide,it is found that these oil and gas fields,located in a passive continental margin,are mainly distributed in Triassic and Carboniferous strata; that they have preferable reservoir properties,usually composed of gypsum and rock salt,and the location of gypsum has a great impact of the emergence of hydrogen sulfide; and that the favorable cap is an important condition for the accumulation and preservation of a large amount of hydrogen sulfide. A large amount of hydrogen sulfide are generally generated in the reservoir with the temperature equal to or higher than 120 ℃,and accompanied by a large amount of carbon dioxide generated.