我国大学生艾滋病相关知识态度行为及其影响因素分析

AIDS Related Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior and Influencing Factors Among College Students in China

目的了解中国大学生艾滋病相关的知识、态度、行为及影响因素,为在全国范围内制定大学生预防艾滋病教育策略提供参考。方法在中国9省(自治区、直辖市)30所高校,按照年级分层整群抽样,共调查19124名大学生。采用自行设计、信度和效度良好的问卷进行匿名自填调查。结果大学生对传播途径的认知好于非传播途径。大学生对性乱行为的态度比较严厉,而对以恋爱为基础的性行为的态度日趋开放。9.0%的被调查对象发生过性行为,其中男生发生率为13.3%,女生为5.0%。发生过性行为的应答者中,仅有24.8%每次性行为使用安全套,10.5%发生过有金钱(物品)交易的性行为(男生12.6%,女生5.1%)。男性、年龄增长、月消费水平高、接触色情信息、吸烟、饮酒是对高危行为态度和性行为发生的共同因素。交易性行为发生的危险因素包括光顾色情场所(OR=6.806)、本人或性伴人工流产史(OR=5.240)、吸烟(OR每天=1.916,OR有时=1.850);而保护性因素包括对高危行为的保守态度(OR=0.905)和积极的安全套使用意向(OR=0.907)。艾滋病知识、对高危性行为的态度、安全套使用意向、安全套使用自我效能与安全套的使用行为存在正性关联。结论大学生存在通过性途径感染HIV的风险。艾滋病教育要关注月消费、接触色情信息、有吸烟或饮酒嗜好以及光顾过色情场所的学生,教育的内容要侧重非传播途径和自我保护技能教育。

Objective To analyze knowledge,attitude and behavior related to HIV/AIDS among college students in China,and to provide evidence for making AIDS health strategy.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in 9 provinces.Totally 19 124 college students were enrolled by using a stratified cluster sampling method in 30 colleges or universities.Results The awareness of transmission route about HIV/AIDS was better than that of non-transmission route among students.The students were strict at sexual promiscuity,but were relative tolerant to premarital sex behavior based on love.About 9.0% of the students had sexual behavior （13.3% for male and 5.0% for female）.Among responders who had sexual behavior,only 24.8% of them used condom in each sex,10.5% （12.6% for male and 5.1% for female） had commercialized sex behavior.Male,age,higher level of consumption,exposure to pornographic information,smoking and drinking were risky factors of attitudes towards HIV-high-risk behavior and sexual behavior.The risky factors of commercialized sex included visiting pornographic places of entertainment（OR=6.806）,abortion history of the responder herself or his sex partner（OR=5.240）,smoking （everyday OR=1.916,sometimes OR=1.850）,while keeping the conservative attitude towards sex（OR=0.905）and having condom use intention were the protect factors（OR=0.907）.Condom use behavior had positive relationships with knowledge related HIV/AIDS,attitude toward high risky sex behavior,condom use intention,and self-efficacy on condom use.Conclusion The colleges/universities students are vulnerable to HIV infection through sexual transmission.Those students,who are smoking,drinking,exposing to pornographic information,with higher level of consumption,should be paid more close attention in HIV/AIDS prevention education.The content of education should focus on non-transmission routes of HIV/AIDS and self protection skills.