广州市7岁以下儿童意外伤害流行病学分布特征

Epidemiologic features of unintentional injuries among children under the age of 7 in Guangzhou

【目的】了解广州市7岁以下儿童意外伤害分布特征，探讨伤害发生原因，为预防与控制意外伤害提供流行病学资料。【方法】通过广州市儿童意外伤害监测网络，调查7岁以下儿童意外伤害发生情况及相关因素。【结果】儿童意外伤害主要集中在1～5岁组，以3～4岁组所占比例居多，男童多于女童，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。儿童意外伤害的首位原因为跌伤，其他依次为烧烫伤、道路交通伤、动物伤。溺水和道路交通伤是致残致死的首要原因。【结论】防止儿童溺水和道路交通伤发生，是伤害干预的首要任务。跌伤、烧烫伤是伤害控制的主要危险因素，动物伤是广州市伤害控制一个新的课题。控制儿童意外伤害需要社会各部门的参与和家庭配合，采取综合措施干预。

[Objective] To learn the epidemiologic features and causes of unintentional injuries among children under the age of 7 in Guangzhou and further more to provide some epidemiological data for injury prevention and intervention. [Method] The unintentional injuries and related factors were investigated among children under the age of 7 through the injury surveillance network in Guangzhou. [Results] There was a high incidence rate of unintentional injuries in the i to 5 age group, especially in the 3 to 4 age group, boys more than girls. There were significant differences between sexes and different age groups. The primary cause of injuries was falling, followed by burns and scalding injuries, road traffic injury as well as animals bite injury. Drowning and road traffic injuries were the leading causes of death and disability. [Conclusions] The most important task of injury intervention is to prevent children from drowning and road traffic injury. Failing, burns and scalding injuries are main risk factors of injury control. And animals bite injury is a new topic of injury control in Guangzhou city. Therefore, controlling children unintentional injuries requires comprehensive measures with the participation in all sectors of society and cooperation of families.