汽车前轮定位及回正力矩和转向力的计算

Front wheel positioning of automobiles and the calculating of its aligning torque and steering force

为了正确设计汽车转向轮定位参数,分析了转向轮各定位参数的作用,提出了各定位参数使转向轮形成自动回正力矩和使转向盘需要转向力的计算方法及公式.以东风EQ140和EQ140-1型中型汽油货车为例,按国标设定的条件,定量地计算了各定位参数形成转向轮自动回正力矩和需要转向盘转向力的具体数值.计算结果表明:主销的后倾角γ与内倾角β是形成转向轮回正力矩和需要转向盘转向力的主要因素,而主销偏距c及其他参数对其影响不大;该型货车转向轮总回正力矩65.680N·m偏小,转向盘总转向力22.039N远小于国家标准规定的245N.研究认为:该型货车主销的后倾角γ和内倾角β设计保守偏小,空载时转向轮回正能力和转向盘手感不足.

In order to design steering wheel positioning parameters of automobiles correctly, the functions were analyzed that of the steering wheel positioning parameters, the calculation methods and formulas were presented which of the serf aligning torque of steering wheels and the steering force of steering wheel ,which was affected by positioning parameters. Taking Dong-Feng EQ140 and EQ140-1 medium gasoline trucks as examples, according to the international standards, the detailing values were quantificationally calculated that of serf aligning torque and steering force which was affected by positioning parameters. The calculated results indicate that the kingpin caster angle γ and the kingpin inclination angle β are the main factors affecting the values, and the kingpin offset e and the other parameters had little influence. The value 65.680 N ·m of the total aligning torque of the experiment truck is rather little and the value 22.039 N of total steering wheel force is rather less than the nation＇s standard of 245 N. The research concluded that the design of the kingpin caster angle γ and the kingpin inclination angle β are rather little, which caused inadequate steering self returnability and light hand holding when the truck is empty.