2008年广西沿海地区农村饮水安全工程水质现状分析

Analysis of current water quality from rural drinking water safety project in Guangxi coastal area in 2008

目的了解广西沿海地区利用国债资金投资建设的农村饮水安全工程水质状况。方法于2008年对广西沿海地区3市、8个县(市、区)178座利用国债资金投资建设的农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况进行调查,分别在枯水期(3月)和丰水期(7～8月),对工程出厂水和末梢水进行水样采集、保存、检测和评价。结果本次调查的农村饮水工程178座,覆盖人口为445386人。水质经完全处理的占调查总数的11.23%,部分处理占21.35%,未处理的占67.42%。水源类型中地下水占调查总数的53.37%,地表水占46.63%。水样合格率为23.51%,其中,工程枯水期和丰水期出厂水水质合格率分别为23.56%和25.42%,末梢水水质合格率则分别为26.40%和18.64%。在所检测的出厂水和末梢水中,水质合格率情况为:完全处理>部分处理>未处理,不同水处理方式水质合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在19项指标检测中,总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和pH合格率较低,分别为55.95%、63.31%和65.30%,其他指标合格率均在85%以上,其中总硬度、硫酸盐、氯化物、砷、氟化物、硝酸盐(以N计)合格率达100%。结论广西沿海地区农村饮水安全工程水质合格率较低,影响水质合格率的主要指标是微生物和pH。

Objective To understand the state of water quality from rural drinking water safty project contrueted by using national debt funds in coastal areas of Guangxi.Methods The water quality from 178 rural drinking water safety projects built by using national debt funds in three cities and eight counties （cities, districts） of coastal areas of Guangxi was investigated during the dry season （March） and wet period （July - August） in 2008. The samples of the factory engineering water and peripheral water were collected and presered.. After the samples were tested, and the obtaind results were evaluated. Results The 178 rural drinking water projects in- vestigated this time covered a population of 445, 386. Water fully treated accounted for 11.23%of the total amount, partial treated. 21.35%, and untreated, 67.42%. For the Water type, underground water accounted for 53.37%of the total amount, surface water accounted for 46.63%. The qualified rate of water samples was 23.51%, Among them, the qualified rates of water quality for the factory engineering water in dry season and wet period were 23.56% and 25.42% separately. The qualified rates of peripheral water in dry season and wet period were 26.40% and 18.64% separately. Among the treated factory engineering water and peripheral water, the order of qualified rates of water quality was ： full treatment 〉 partial treatment 〉 untreatment. The qualified rates of water quality caused by different treating methods were significant different （P 〈 0.01） . Among the 19 detected indi- cators, the qualified rates for total coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria, and pH were low, with the qualified rates of 55.95%, 63.31% and 65.30% separately. The qualified rats of other indicators were more than 85%. The qualified rates for total hardness, sulfate, chloride, arsenic, fluoride, and nitrate in water were lOOper cent. Conclusion The qualified rate of water quality from rural drinking water safety project in coastal area of Guangxi is low. The main cause is the low qualified rates of micro - organisms and pH. indicators