美国减灾型社区建设及对我国应急管理的启示

US Disaster Relief Community Construction and Its Effect on Chinese Emergency Management

从全球日益关注的社区减灾建设出发,解读了减灾型社区的基本概念,介绍了美国政府构建"减灾型社区"的背景及经验。从伙伴关系发展、风险和灾害评估、减灾项目、公共教育和信息四方面,阐述了减灾示范性社区及其建设效果,提出构建我国减灾型社区应重视社区层面的减灾建设、社区减灾规划建设、社区减灾资源配置、社区减灾队伍建设和社区减灾文化建设。

On the basis of disaster relief community construction that has increasingly drawn the global attention the paper interprets the basic concept of disaster relief community and introduces the background and experience of disaster relief community construction by the US government. Then the community and the benefits are elaborated in four aspects; good fellowship, risk and disaster damage evaluation, relief projects, public education and informa- tion. Finally the paper puts forward the requirements of community relief construction, relief program, relief resource distribution, community relief group and community culture construction for Chinese disaster relief community construction.